See the Website with Pictures
On the above Website
you are able to see on the
Google Earth Satellite the Megalith,
like this picture below.
you are able to see on the
Google Earth Satellite the Megalith,
like this picture below.
Variation Name(s): Eye of the Sahara, Guelb er Richat
This site belongs to the following categories:
crater that could be a non natural formation
structure/formation that could be natural or not mysterious
spot of interest for the NewEarth research
RATING: Extremely interesting
This site belongs to the following categories:
crater that could be a non natural formation
structure/formation that could be natural or not mysterious
spot of interest for the NewEarth research
RATING: Extremely interesting
The Trovant stones, Romania
fast growing stones (esp when it rains!), they also have offsprings...
Felsenmeer im Odenwald, Germany
remarkable site!
Mont St. Odile, France
Pyramids near the city of Nahodka, Russia
Underwater Complex with Pyramids, Cuba
Bimini Road and Numerous Ruins, Bahamas
European style ports, enormous levelled platforms, ruins
Pismis Kale and Akpara Kale, Turkey
Dropa, China
Dwarfs and Disks
Gornaya Shoria, Russia
The most amazing gigantic site!
Yonaguni, Japan
Pura Tanah Lot, Indonesia
Pyramids of Paratoari, Peru
The Gigantic wall of Paraiba, Brazil
Absolutely stunning! 30 meters long "bricks"!
The Uncharted Alatri Ruins, Italy
absolutely enormous stone blocks along with very fine polygonal fitting
Hattusa, Turkey
Richat Structure, Mauritania
slightly elliptical dome, 40 km in diameter of unknown origin
El Enladrillado, Chile
The Wall of Aradus, (Now Ruad), Syria
Osaka Castle, Japan
Turish Stone Spheres , Kazakhstan
These are interesting, layers of various material...
New England Megalithic Chambers, United States
The Bosnian Pyramids, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Manuscript 512, city with Ptolomaic Greek writings, Brazil
Arakulski Shihan, Russia
Amazing Cyclopean Wall
Mysterious piles of gravel, Russia
Hobbits on Flores, Indonesia
the Enormous dolmens of Brazil, Brazil
Tool Marks, Russia
Redin Remains, Maldives
Brighton Beach Megalithic Stones, United States
megalithic remains
The Le Perthus Pyramid, France
the Chinese Pyramids, China
Megaliths in Bondowoso regency, Indonesia
Megaliths of Nardodipace, Italy
yet another forgotten megalithic ruin, probably cyclopean style
Dwarka, India
The capital of Lord Krishna
Tribes of Giants of the Amazon Jungle, Brazil
Castro de Ulaca, Spain
Giant Skeleton, Bulgaria
The Stone Head of Guatemala, Guatemala
if it wasn't for this photo, it would be considered a myth
Eski-Kermen and other underground cities of Crimea, Russia
Unidentified Unstudied Ruins and Possibly Pyramids, France
Sofiyivsky Park Boulders, Ukraine
Shaori, Georgia
Demolished (by whom and by what means???) megalithic ruins
Viborg Bay Monrepo Megaliths, Russia
Megaliths of Menorca, Spain
The full island is decorated with numerous megalithic remains in poor condition!
Possible Megalithic Ruins, Russia
discovered in 2015
Varvaria, Croatia
Megalithic wall
Asseria, Croatia
Chortovoe Gorodishe, Russia
This site puts a big question mark next to many other similar "natural" formations
lake Shira and Lake Itkul Megalithic ruins, Russia
Although the megalithic remains are in very poor shape, they can be clearly identified as such at places.
fast growing stones (esp when it rains!), they also have offsprings...
Felsenmeer im Odenwald, Germany
remarkable site!
Mont St. Odile, France
Pyramids near the city of Nahodka, Russia
Underwater Complex with Pyramids, Cuba
Bimini Road and Numerous Ruins, Bahamas
European style ports, enormous levelled platforms, ruins
Pismis Kale and Akpara Kale, Turkey
Dropa, China
Dwarfs and Disks
Gornaya Shoria, Russia
The most amazing gigantic site!
Yonaguni, Japan
Pura Tanah Lot, Indonesia
Pyramids of Paratoari, Peru
The Gigantic wall of Paraiba, Brazil
Absolutely stunning! 30 meters long "bricks"!
The Uncharted Alatri Ruins, Italy
absolutely enormous stone blocks along with very fine polygonal fitting
Hattusa, Turkey
Richat Structure, Mauritania
slightly elliptical dome, 40 km in diameter of unknown origin
El Enladrillado, Chile
The Wall of Aradus, (Now Ruad), Syria
Osaka Castle, Japan
Turish Stone Spheres , Kazakhstan
These are interesting, layers of various material...
New England Megalithic Chambers, United States
The Bosnian Pyramids, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Manuscript 512, city with Ptolomaic Greek writings, Brazil
Arakulski Shihan, Russia
Amazing Cyclopean Wall
Mysterious piles of gravel, Russia
Hobbits on Flores, Indonesia
the Enormous dolmens of Brazil, Brazil
Tool Marks, Russia
Redin Remains, Maldives
Brighton Beach Megalithic Stones, United States
megalithic remains
The Le Perthus Pyramid, France
the Chinese Pyramids, China
Megaliths in Bondowoso regency, Indonesia
Megaliths of Nardodipace, Italy
yet another forgotten megalithic ruin, probably cyclopean style
Dwarka, India
The capital of Lord Krishna
Tribes of Giants of the Amazon Jungle, Brazil
Castro de Ulaca, Spain
Giant Skeleton, Bulgaria
The Stone Head of Guatemala, Guatemala
if it wasn't for this photo, it would be considered a myth
Eski-Kermen and other underground cities of Crimea, Russia
Unidentified Unstudied Ruins and Possibly Pyramids, France
Sofiyivsky Park Boulders, Ukraine
Shaori, Georgia
Demolished (by whom and by what means???) megalithic ruins
Viborg Bay Monrepo Megaliths, Russia
Megaliths of Menorca, Spain
The full island is decorated with numerous megalithic remains in poor condition!
Possible Megalithic Ruins, Russia
discovered in 2015
Varvaria, Croatia
Megalithic wall
Asseria, Croatia
Chortovoe Gorodishe, Russia
This site puts a big question mark next to many other similar "natural" formations
lake Shira and Lake Itkul Megalithic ruins, Russia
Although the megalithic remains are in very poor shape, they can be clearly identified as such at places.
Ergaki "Nature" Rserve, Russia
Vottovara Megalithic Stones and Stone Sphere, Russia
Indonesian Statues, Indonesia
Megaliths and Aliens of the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia
Pura Batu Bolong, Indonesia
Are these ancient ruins?
Inga's Stone, Brazil
Szczeliniec Wielki, Poland
possible ruins of megaliths
Tizer Dolmen, United States
Giant's Playground, United States
Yacimiento arqueológico de las Islas Canarias, Spain
Natural or not?, Croatia
Ancient trackway of Tlaxcala, Mexico
Via delle Gallie, Italy
La Porte romaine de Bons, France
Royal Pavilion, United Kingdom
why the beds are for dwarfs in the a former royal residence?
"Beehive" Stones , Hungary
Punakaiki, New Zealand
Great Yazilikaya, Turkey
La dame de Mali, Mali
is this a natural formation?
Joshua Tree National Park, United States
Altai Pyramids, Russia
Kiamichi "old furnace", United States
Possible megalithic wall
Patomskiy Crater, Russia
Megalithic ruins with no name yet, Russia
Underground Chambers, Spain
Mamulos Pantiani, Georgia
Yakushima megaliths, Japan
Niemivaara, Finland
Nattaset, Finland
Stone Spheres of Sardinia, Italy
"Pancake" wall, Russia
Renaju Menhirs and Megaliths, France
Casas e Pedras Monsanto, Portugal
Karlu Karlu, Australia
Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve
Magadan Megaliths, Russia
Polynesian Marae, French Polynesia
Ceremonial platforms and huge megalithic stones
Cubes of Arrowhead , United States
Tsankawi Cave Dwellings, United States
Yet another unstudied American Cappadocia?
Bandelier National Monument, United States
Is this an American Cappadocia?
Megalith of Mount Pidan, Russia
area covered with unusual megalithic blocks
Matobo Balancing Rocks, Zimbabwe
Epworth Balancing Rocks, Zimbabwe
the Tunjo Ancient Stones, Colombia
the Black Mountain Kalkajaka, Australia
St Hilaire Possible Megaliths, Canada
this site badly needs to be studied!
Foret Fontainebleau Boulders, France
Possible Pyramid, Spain
Vottovara Megalithic Stones and Stone Sphere, Russia
Indonesian Statues, Indonesia
Megaliths and Aliens of the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia
Pura Batu Bolong, Indonesia
Are these ancient ruins?
Inga's Stone, Brazil
Szczeliniec Wielki, Poland
possible ruins of megaliths
Tizer Dolmen, United States
Giant's Playground, United States
Yacimiento arqueológico de las Islas Canarias, Spain
Natural or not?, Croatia
Ancient trackway of Tlaxcala, Mexico
Via delle Gallie, Italy
La Porte romaine de Bons, France
Royal Pavilion, United Kingdom
why the beds are for dwarfs in the a former royal residence?
"Beehive" Stones , Hungary
Punakaiki, New Zealand
Great Yazilikaya, Turkey
La dame de Mali, Mali
is this a natural formation?
Joshua Tree National Park, United States
Altai Pyramids, Russia
Kiamichi "old furnace", United States
Possible megalithic wall
Patomskiy Crater, Russia
Megalithic ruins with no name yet, Russia
Underground Chambers, Spain
Mamulos Pantiani, Georgia
Yakushima megaliths, Japan
Niemivaara, Finland
Nattaset, Finland
Stone Spheres of Sardinia, Italy
"Pancake" wall, Russia
Renaju Menhirs and Megaliths, France
Casas e Pedras Monsanto, Portugal
Karlu Karlu, Australia
Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve
Magadan Megaliths, Russia
Polynesian Marae, French Polynesia
Ceremonial platforms and huge megalithic stones
Cubes of Arrowhead , United States
Tsankawi Cave Dwellings, United States
Yet another unstudied American Cappadocia?
Bandelier National Monument, United States
Is this an American Cappadocia?
Megalith of Mount Pidan, Russia
area covered with unusual megalithic blocks
Matobo Balancing Rocks, Zimbabwe
Epworth Balancing Rocks, Zimbabwe
the Tunjo Ancient Stones, Colombia
the Black Mountain Kalkajaka, Australia
St Hilaire Possible Megaliths, Canada
this site badly needs to be studied!
Foret Fontainebleau Boulders, France
Possible Pyramid, Spain
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3 OF THE SPAIN VIDEOS ARE NOW PUBLISHED
In case you received an email that you will be able to view them, but you still can’t do so, please let me by replying to that email. And if you want to watch them, but do not know how please visit
http://www.megaliths.org/ancient_history/spain.php
ONE PLACE LEFT FOR THE ITALY EXPEDITION
The Italy group is almost full now. There is only one place left for a lady (how is willing to share her room with another female). Few people with cars have applied and they are willing to share their car, so even if you do not drive you will be connected to them to make the transport arrangements together and share the transport cost. For full details about the expedition
http://www.megaliths.org/ancient_history/11.php
WEBSITE IMPROVED
I am still working on developing the functionality and design of megaliths.org. Most importantly now the interactive maps are greatly improved. Those showing the sites in particular category for example now show all the sites in this category (and not only the results shown on the particular page as it was before and as all most services do...)
Sincerely, Sylvie (NewEarth)
http://megaliths.org/ancient_history/contact.php
To visit the historic sites directory
http://megaliths.org/browse
In case you received an email that you will be able to view them, but you still can’t do so, please let me by replying to that email. And if you want to watch them, but do not know how please visit
http://www.megaliths.org/ancient_history/spain.php
ONE PLACE LEFT FOR THE ITALY EXPEDITION
The Italy group is almost full now. There is only one place left for a lady (how is willing to share her room with another female). Few people with cars have applied and they are willing to share their car, so even if you do not drive you will be connected to them to make the transport arrangements together and share the transport cost. For full details about the expedition
http://www.megaliths.org/ancient_history/11.php
WEBSITE IMPROVED
I am still working on developing the functionality and design of megaliths.org. Most importantly now the interactive maps are greatly improved. Those showing the sites in particular category for example now show all the sites in this category (and not only the results shown on the particular page as it was before and as all most services do...)
Sincerely, Sylvie (NewEarth)
http://megaliths.org/ancient_history/contact.php
To visit the historic sites directory
http://megaliths.org/browse
25,000 Year Old Buildings Found In Russia?
25,000 Year Old Buildings Found In Russia?
The Mysterious Dolmens And Megaliths Of The Caucasus
(Before It's News)
In Russia, in the Caucasus mountains, not far from the cities Tzelentzchik, Touapse, Novorossiysk and Sochi, there are hundreds of megalithic monuments. The Russians call them dolmens. Russian and foreign archaeologists have not yet discovered their use. All these megalithic dolmens you see below in the pictures are dated from 10,000 years to 25,000 years ago, according to the website Other archaeologists put the age of these megalithic structures at 4000 to 6,000 years old.
Thousands of prehistoric megalithic monuments are known throughout the world. Some of the least known outside the former Soviet Union, however, are those in the Caucasus. These dolmens cover the Western Caucasus on both sides of the mountain ridge, in an area of approximately 12.000 square kilometers of Russia and Abkhazia.
The Caucasian dolmens represent a unique type of prehistoric architecture, built with precisely dressed cyclopic stone blocks. The stones were, for example, shaped into 90-degree angles, to be used as corners or were curved to make a perfect circle. The monuments date between the end of the 4th millennium and the beginning of the 2nd millennium B.C.
While generally unknown in the rest of Europe, these Russian megaliths are equal to the great megaliths of Europe in terms of age and quality of architecture, but are still of an unknown origin.
The Caucasian dolmens represent a unique type of prehistoric architecture, built with precisely dressed large stone blocks. The stones were, for example, shaped into 90-degree angles, to be used as corners or were curved to make a circle.
In spite of the variety of Caucasian monuments, they show strong similarities with megaliths from different parts of Europe and Asia, like the Iberian Peninsula, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Israel and India. A range of hypotheses has been put forward to explain these similarities and the building of megaliths on the whole, but still it remains unclear.
Approximately 3,000 of these megalithic monuments are known in the Western Caucasus, but more are constantly being found, while more and more are also being destroyed. Today, many are in great disrepair and will be completely lost if they are not protected from vandals and general neglect.
The dolmens are found in the area of Krasnodar. Krasnodar is a city and the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Kuban River about 148 kilometers (92 mi) northeast of the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk.
Concentrations of megaliths, dolmens and stone labyrinths have been found (but little studied) throughout the Caucasus Mountains, including the Abkhazia. Most of them are represented by rectangular structures made of stone slabs or cut in rocks with holes in their facade. These dolmens cover the Western Caucasus on both sides of the mountain ridge, in an area of approximately 12.000 square kilometres of Russia and Abkhazia.
The map above shows locations of known Dolmen structures. The original source for the following images came via a Russian Website
The dolmens have a limited variety in their architecture. The floor plans are square, trapezoidal, rectangular and round. All of the dolmens are punctuated with a portal in the center of the facade. While round portholes are the most common, square ones are also found. In front of the facade is a court that usually splays out, creating an area where rituals possibly took place.
The court is usually outlined by large stone walls, sometimes over a meter high, which enclose the court. It is in this area that Bronze and Iron Age pottery has been found – which helped date these tombs -, along with human remains, bronze tools and silver, gold and semi-precious stone ornaments.
The repertoire of decoration for these tombs is not great. Vertical and horizontal zigzags, hanging triangles and concentric circles are the most common motifs. One decorative motif that is quite common is found across the top of the porthole slab. It can best be described as a lintel held up by two columns. Pairs of breasts, done in relief, have also been found on a few tombs.
These breasts usually appear above the two columns of the porthole decoration. Perhaps related to these are the stone plugs, which were used to block the porthole, and are found with almost every tomb. They are sometimes phallic-shaped.
Some unusual items associated with dolmens are big round stone balls, double balls and animal sculptures.
Dolmen pyramid in Mamed canyonCredit: Wikipedia
One of the most interesting megalithic complexes – group of three dolmens – stands in a row on a hill above Zhane River on the Black Sea coast in the Krasnodar area near Gelendzhik, Russia. In this area there is a great concentration of all types of megalithic sites including settlements and dolmen cemeteries. Large stone mounds surrounded the two monuments.
The central dolmen is rectangular in plan, 4 x 4 meters, while the two flanking dolmens are circular, 4 and 5 meters in diameter. The two round dolmens had been bulldozed – probably in the 1950s – in order to harvest the surrounding trees, but the main structure of the central dolmen had not been damaged.
Another (fourth) dolmen near the Zhane River has a secret entrance at the back of the chamber, and a façade, dummy entrance and courtyard at the front of the dolmen. There in addition to these pristine dolmens were some ruined dolmens.
The dolmens have a limited variety in their architecture. The floor plans are square, trapezoidal, rectangular and round. All of the dolmens are punctuated with a portal in the center of the facade. While round portholes are the most common, square ones are also known. In front of the facade is a court that usually splays out, creating an area where rituals undoubtedly took place.
The court is usually outlined by large stone walls, sometimes over a meter high, which enclose the court. It is in this area that Bronze and Iron Age pottery has been found – which helped date these tombs -, along with human remains and bronze tools and silver, gold, and semi-precious stone ornaments. The repertoire of decoration for these tombs is not great.
Vertical and horizontal zigzags, hanging triangles and concentric circles are the most common motifs. One decorative motif that is quite common is found across the top of the porthole slab. It can best be described as a lintel held up by two columns. Pairs of breasts, done in relief, have also been found on a few tombs. These breasts usually appear above the two columns of the porthole decoration.
Perhaps related to these are the stone plugs which were used to block the porthole and are found with almost every tomb. They are sometimes phallic-shaped. Some unusual items associated with dolmens are big round stone balls, double balls and animal sculptures.
The Caucasian dolmens were originally built in harmony with the natural landscape
A long-term project to stody the dolmens ha been sponsored and administered by the Institute for Study of Material Culture History, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, since 1997
The Project was supported by Russian Ministry of Culture (1998-2006); the State Committee for Protection of Cultural Heritage (Krasnodar area, Russia) (1998-2006); Russian Fund for Humanities (1999-2002, 2006); The Fund of the President of Russia (2001); National Geographic, Committee for Research and Exploration (2001, 2003)
Principle Investigator: Dr.Viktor Trifonov, Institute for Study of Material Culture History, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg
Location of Project: Russia, Gelendjik, Krasnadar area, Black Sea coast
References
Markovin, V.I., Western Caucasian Dolmens
Megre, V., 1995. Ringing Cedars Series
Trifonov, V., 2006. Russia’s megaliths: unearthing the lost prehistoric tombs of Caucasian warlords in the Zhane valley. St.Petersburg: The Institute for Study of Material Culture History, Russian Academy of Sciences
Kudin, M., 2001. Dolmeni i ritual. Dolmen Path - Russian Megaliths
Reading (in English, Dutch, German, Russian, Swedish):
J.-P. Mohen, 1993. The World of Megaliths
R. Joussaume, 1988. Dolmens for the Dead
K.Wilson, 2001. Op expeditie in de Kaukasus //Archeobrief, #17 (winter 2001) // Stichting voor de Nederlandse Archeologie
V.I. Markovin, 1993. Der Kurgan Psynako I, Rayon Tuapse im Krasnodar Land (Westkaukasus) // Zeitschrift fur Archaologie. Heft.27
V. Trifonov, 2001. What do we know about Caucasian dolmens for sure? // Caucasian Dolmens and Ancient Civilizations (IV – I mill. BC). Krasnodar
S. Hansen, 1996. Megalitgravene i Kaukasus: er de udlobere af de vesteuropaeiske? // Popular Arkeologi, argang 14, #4
Bronze Age to New Age // Archaeology, May/June 1999
Additional information in the Internet :
http://members.chello.nl/r.j.triest/http://megalith.ru/indexrus.shtml
http://megalith.ru/indexrus.shtml http://whc.unesco.org/sites/900.htm
http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/02files/The_Case_for_Hobbits_Caucasian_Dolmens.html
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The Mysterious Dolmens And Megaliths Of The Caucasus
(Before It's News)
In Russia, in the Caucasus mountains, not far from the cities Tzelentzchik, Touapse, Novorossiysk and Sochi, there are hundreds of megalithic monuments. The Russians call them dolmens. Russian and foreign archaeologists have not yet discovered their use. All these megalithic dolmens you see below in the pictures are dated from 10,000 years to 25,000 years ago, according to the website Other archaeologists put the age of these megalithic structures at 4000 to 6,000 years old.
Thousands of prehistoric megalithic monuments are known throughout the world. Some of the least known outside the former Soviet Union, however, are those in the Caucasus. These dolmens cover the Western Caucasus on both sides of the mountain ridge, in an area of approximately 12.000 square kilometers of Russia and Abkhazia.
The Caucasian dolmens represent a unique type of prehistoric architecture, built with precisely dressed cyclopic stone blocks. The stones were, for example, shaped into 90-degree angles, to be used as corners or were curved to make a perfect circle. The monuments date between the end of the 4th millennium and the beginning of the 2nd millennium B.C.
While generally unknown in the rest of Europe, these Russian megaliths are equal to the great megaliths of Europe in terms of age and quality of architecture, but are still of an unknown origin.
The Caucasian dolmens represent a unique type of prehistoric architecture, built with precisely dressed large stone blocks. The stones were, for example, shaped into 90-degree angles, to be used as corners or were curved to make a circle.
In spite of the variety of Caucasian monuments, they show strong similarities with megaliths from different parts of Europe and Asia, like the Iberian Peninsula, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Israel and India. A range of hypotheses has been put forward to explain these similarities and the building of megaliths on the whole, but still it remains unclear.
Approximately 3,000 of these megalithic monuments are known in the Western Caucasus, but more are constantly being found, while more and more are also being destroyed. Today, many are in great disrepair and will be completely lost if they are not protected from vandals and general neglect.
The dolmens are found in the area of Krasnodar. Krasnodar is a city and the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Kuban River about 148 kilometers (92 mi) northeast of the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk.
Concentrations of megaliths, dolmens and stone labyrinths have been found (but little studied) throughout the Caucasus Mountains, including the Abkhazia. Most of them are represented by rectangular structures made of stone slabs or cut in rocks with holes in their facade. These dolmens cover the Western Caucasus on both sides of the mountain ridge, in an area of approximately 12.000 square kilometres of Russia and Abkhazia.
The map above shows locations of known Dolmen structures. The original source for the following images came via a Russian Website
The dolmens have a limited variety in their architecture. The floor plans are square, trapezoidal, rectangular and round. All of the dolmens are punctuated with a portal in the center of the facade. While round portholes are the most common, square ones are also found. In front of the facade is a court that usually splays out, creating an area where rituals possibly took place.
The court is usually outlined by large stone walls, sometimes over a meter high, which enclose the court. It is in this area that Bronze and Iron Age pottery has been found – which helped date these tombs -, along with human remains, bronze tools and silver, gold and semi-precious stone ornaments.
The repertoire of decoration for these tombs is not great. Vertical and horizontal zigzags, hanging triangles and concentric circles are the most common motifs. One decorative motif that is quite common is found across the top of the porthole slab. It can best be described as a lintel held up by two columns. Pairs of breasts, done in relief, have also been found on a few tombs.
These breasts usually appear above the two columns of the porthole decoration. Perhaps related to these are the stone plugs, which were used to block the porthole, and are found with almost every tomb. They are sometimes phallic-shaped.
Some unusual items associated with dolmens are big round stone balls, double balls and animal sculptures.
Dolmen pyramid in Mamed canyonCredit: Wikipedia
One of the most interesting megalithic complexes – group of three dolmens – stands in a row on a hill above Zhane River on the Black Sea coast in the Krasnodar area near Gelendzhik, Russia. In this area there is a great concentration of all types of megalithic sites including settlements and dolmen cemeteries. Large stone mounds surrounded the two monuments.
The central dolmen is rectangular in plan, 4 x 4 meters, while the two flanking dolmens are circular, 4 and 5 meters in diameter. The two round dolmens had been bulldozed – probably in the 1950s – in order to harvest the surrounding trees, but the main structure of the central dolmen had not been damaged.
Another (fourth) dolmen near the Zhane River has a secret entrance at the back of the chamber, and a façade, dummy entrance and courtyard at the front of the dolmen. There in addition to these pristine dolmens were some ruined dolmens.
The dolmens have a limited variety in their architecture. The floor plans are square, trapezoidal, rectangular and round. All of the dolmens are punctuated with a portal in the center of the facade. While round portholes are the most common, square ones are also known. In front of the facade is a court that usually splays out, creating an area where rituals undoubtedly took place.
The court is usually outlined by large stone walls, sometimes over a meter high, which enclose the court. It is in this area that Bronze and Iron Age pottery has been found – which helped date these tombs -, along with human remains and bronze tools and silver, gold, and semi-precious stone ornaments. The repertoire of decoration for these tombs is not great.
Vertical and horizontal zigzags, hanging triangles and concentric circles are the most common motifs. One decorative motif that is quite common is found across the top of the porthole slab. It can best be described as a lintel held up by two columns. Pairs of breasts, done in relief, have also been found on a few tombs. These breasts usually appear above the two columns of the porthole decoration.
Perhaps related to these are the stone plugs which were used to block the porthole and are found with almost every tomb. They are sometimes phallic-shaped. Some unusual items associated with dolmens are big round stone balls, double balls and animal sculptures.
The Caucasian dolmens were originally built in harmony with the natural landscape
A long-term project to stody the dolmens ha been sponsored and administered by the Institute for Study of Material Culture History, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, since 1997
The Project was supported by Russian Ministry of Culture (1998-2006); the State Committee for Protection of Cultural Heritage (Krasnodar area, Russia) (1998-2006); Russian Fund for Humanities (1999-2002, 2006); The Fund of the President of Russia (2001); National Geographic, Committee for Research and Exploration (2001, 2003)
Principle Investigator: Dr.Viktor Trifonov, Institute for Study of Material Culture History, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg
Location of Project: Russia, Gelendjik, Krasnadar area, Black Sea coast
References
Markovin, V.I., Western Caucasian Dolmens
Megre, V., 1995. Ringing Cedars Series
Trifonov, V., 2006. Russia’s megaliths: unearthing the lost prehistoric tombs of Caucasian warlords in the Zhane valley. St.Petersburg: The Institute for Study of Material Culture History, Russian Academy of Sciences
Kudin, M., 2001. Dolmeni i ritual. Dolmen Path - Russian Megaliths
Reading (in English, Dutch, German, Russian, Swedish):
J.-P. Mohen, 1993. The World of Megaliths
R. Joussaume, 1988. Dolmens for the Dead
K.Wilson, 2001. Op expeditie in de Kaukasus //Archeobrief, #17 (winter 2001) // Stichting voor de Nederlandse Archeologie
V.I. Markovin, 1993. Der Kurgan Psynako I, Rayon Tuapse im Krasnodar Land (Westkaukasus) // Zeitschrift fur Archaologie. Heft.27
V. Trifonov, 2001. What do we know about Caucasian dolmens for sure? // Caucasian Dolmens and Ancient Civilizations (IV – I mill. BC). Krasnodar
S. Hansen, 1996. Megalitgravene i Kaukasus: er de udlobere af de vesteuropaeiske? // Popular Arkeologi, argang 14, #4
Bronze Age to New Age // Archaeology, May/June 1999
Additional information in the Internet :
http://members.chello.nl/r.j.triest/http://megalith.ru/indexrus.shtml
http://megalith.ru/indexrus.shtml http://whc.unesco.org/sites/900.htm
http://www.thelivingmoon.com/43ancients/02files/The_Case_for_Hobbits_Caucasian_Dolmens.html
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